See also How Long To Cook A Chicken At 325? The burning metal can not be extinguished! Unalloyed titanium, 1.1.3 Grade C-5 UNS R56400. Suggest you ask over on a forum dedicated more to casting for better information. Our state-of-the-art casting equipment ensure us to be able to provide our customers state-of-the-art high precision castings. Vacuum Environment This blog examines the titanium investment casting process, properties of titanium castings, and their wide range of uses. on Step 14. As the tip of the electrode in contact with the arc melts, the entire 27-inch-long electrode is slowly driven downward to maintain a steady melt rate. like plus signs or something. Finely ground titanium powder is blended with appropriate alloying powders and mixed with a thermoplastic binder at an elevated temperature. Cold hearth melting method; 4. thanks. If the titanium has thin sections, they can "light off" like magnesium! Producing cast titanium components is very challenging because of its extremely unstable nature in its elemental form. Different types of wax can be used for your desired outcome. This large-format bathtub offers a deep bathing experience with a low vertical profile. Using a small piece of plastic mesh is a useful barrier between the foil and the part. A U.S. Patent Application was filed on the invention. Make sure you are using borax. Cited properties are appropriate for the as-fabricated (no temper or treatment) condition. Reply The molded part is then exposed to solvents and catalysts to remove the binding thermoplastics. Aerospace, medical, marine and chemical processing industries and oil field services. Question ZTC5 alloy is a high-strength titanium alloy developed by China. Properties of Titanium Exceptionally high strength-to-weight ratio Corrosion resistant Ductile High melting point Reply The induction casting system was programmed to perform 4 washing cycles (vacuum-argon). And can this be done with any metal like aluminium? Keep the titanium moving and you should notice a color change to yellow after about 30 seconds or so. I look forward to any comments or suggestions. Cast Titanium alloy has equal ultimate strength as cast steel alloy and many other characteristics superior to the latter. Can you simply use a small bar of titanium? Cold pot melting method; 5. Take the desired number of nine volt batteries and connect them as shown in the picture. We supply precision Titanium and Zirconium investment castings for demanding Aerospace, and Chemical applications. Smart Home Security Systems eero WiFi Stream 4K Video in Every Room: Blink Smart Security for Every Home Neighbors App Real-Time Crime & Safety Alerts Titanium burns like magnesium! Yes, titanium can readily and effectively be cut with an oxy-fuel torch. Please share your thoughts in the comments below. Titanium material castings are generally treated with stabilization annealing. The processed graphite mold is made of high-quality artificial graphite blocks by hand or machine. Titanium anodizing is an extremely cool and rewarding project that is very easy to do at home. The pattern is then coated in a ceramic material to create a shell or mold. Grade C-5 titanium is a titanium alloy formulated for casting. FS Precision is one of the largest titanium casting suppliers in the world, and is an emerging global leader for structural investment castings for fixed wing, rotary wing, space launch systems. The properties of titanium that prevent chemical corrosion, however, are the very properties that work to confound common casting techniques. Grade 2 plate and sheet can have ultimate tensile strength at and above 40,000 psi. Participated in the Unusual Uses Challenge, Participated in the Before and After Contest. 183 References. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare grade C-2 titanium to: cast titaniums (top), all . FS2S Titanium aerospace castings combine Low weight, high strength, and fatigue properties with a cost-effective casting process, while achieving the mechanical properties of fully machined wrought Ti64. It is available in the USA in groceries and used to help wash clothing, About: Hi. Due to its relatively high precision, it can be used to limit unnecessary machining operations and material waste. Grade 5 or Ti 6Al-4V, accounts for 50 percent of total titanium usage the world over. 3. The weights of the titanium casting parts we cast are from a few grams to one metric ton. The link is http://mrtitanium.com/interference.html. FORCEBEYOND Put on your rubber gloves to prevent any fingerprints on the titanium after it is cleaned. With over 35 years of experience, FS Precision Tech castings are guaranteed to keep you running while they get you safely to where you are going. 2 years ago, Hi. 1 year ago. Investment casting is a very cost-effective process to produce near-net and net shape cast titanium components. For this anodization method, intense heat is used to thicken the oxide layer. It can short everything out and generate huge and dangerous sparks. Ceramic mold titanium investment casting This method produces more precise castings, with details such as logos being clearly cast. This is perfectly normal and the original color can be restored using acetone or alcohol to remove the oils. Extra covers in other colors are available to jazz up the look.Picture 1 shows the Pan with Instructions, glass vented lid, cleaning and care info and the Limited Lifetime . The strength of the alloy can reach more than 1200MPa, and the alloy has an extension of more than 5% Long rate. We can serviced all kinds of different investment casting parts in stainless steel, iron, aluminum, steel,etc.Pls contact us via, Copyright China Pintejin Foundry And BE-CU Rapid Prototyping Services Co., Limited -- ISO:9001-2015 And ITAF 16949 Certified Companies. Hi, I have a titanium eyeglass frame that i want to de anodize, does reversing connections work with it also? Once cooled to room temperature, the specimens were devested and sandblasted using 110 m aluminum oxide powder. During this process, molten titanium reacts with even the smallest amount of trace oxygen present in most refractory compounds. Many cast titanium applications, however, require a balance between these two extreme options. If you liked this instructable please vote for me. Production Considerations for Aerospace Titanium, FS Precision is Hiring Exciting Metal Casting Jobs, Metal injection molding (MIM) is a good method for small shapes with intricate detail, high precision, and smooth surface finish such as jewelry. After the binder is removed, the part is fragile, porous, and up to 40% empty space. Titane (French: (), lit. This mold can be used multiple times. It is one of the preparation processes of titanium materials.Casting titanium alloys and casting quality Most deformed titanium alloys can be used for casting, the most widely used is Ti-6A1-4V alloy. There is great website I found that explains how anodizing works better than me. 7 years ago It can be heat treated to enhance mechanical properties. Email: contact at forcebeyond dot com, Titanium Fastener Tapered Socket Head Screw, Titanium Broach Broadhead-sku2 (Oil Industry), Titanium Casting Parts Titanium Valve Body, Nickel-Based Super Alloys Casting and Machining, Duplex & Super Duplex Stainless Steel Solutions, A356 Aluminum Casting with T6 Heat Treatment, Sand Casting (Aluminum Sand Casting, Ductile Iron Sand Casting, Gray Iron Sand Casting), Precision CNC Machining and Secondary Operations. on Step 4. The Melting and Casting of Titanium Germany. Table 1: Examples of cast titanium alloys . Titanium offers a high strength to weight ratioand extraordinary corrosion resistance, making it an ideal choice for medical, marine, hand tools, sporting goods, and high performance automotive applications. "Titanium") is a 2021 body horror drama film written and directed by Julia Ducournau.The French-Belgian co-production stars Agathe Rousselle in her feature film debut as Alexia, a woman who, after being injured in a car accident as a child, has a titanium plate fitted into her head. However, it is better formulated as Na2[B4O5(OH)4]8H2O, since borax contains the [B4O5(OH)4]2ion. 4.7 4.7 out of 5 stars (3) $79.95 $ 79. It is presently being done in the United States by six companies. [Ti-6Al-4V]}, author = {Hammer, A N}, abstractNote = {The objective of this program was to characterize the properties of cast titanium alloy compressor impellers to provide a background for design, processing, and qualification for service in the Solar T62T-40 Titan . Pintejin Foundry is advance investment casting foundry for various metal components in 1995. While those who have experience of using it before, you may also get acquainted with best practices to straighten your hair.'; var randomNumber = Math.random(); var isIndia = (window.geoinfo && window.geoinfo.Coun. 2 years ago. Anodizing is used industrially for enhanced corrosion resistance on metals like aluminum. Thicker and larger size castings can be precisely made by this method. Figure 1: Various investment cast parts for applications in the low temperature section of a gas turbine engine It does not matter if the batteries' positive or negative terminals is attached to the titanium or brush, as long as current flows in one direction. Could you please measure the resistance of some of the Ti that you have anodised and let us know.ThanksRobin. It can be used in welded fabrication at service temperatures of up to 315C. And, you can do this awesome experiment at home. Star Wars 2009 Titanium Die-Cast Mini Vehicle Neimoidian Shuttle. Fired with a thick coating of AA grade titanium-based enamel for unparalleled hardness and non-porosity . Mix until all borax is dissolved. The flow behavior of the molten metal was also examined using a so-called "tracer element technique." The amounts of CP-Ti and all the Ti-Cu alloys filling the cavity were similar; less T64 and T67 filled the cavity. It has a moderately low embodied energy among the cast titaniums in the database. According to the complexity of the mold, a combination of multiple active blocks can be used. Volume I. Submerge the titanium piece. While the rammed graphite process is relatively cost-effective for large bulky castings, it produces castings with low detail and precision. 3. We will discuss below three common techniques for producing cast titanium components: rammed graphite, metal injection molding, and investment casting. It describes the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6AI-4V alloy. Machined graphite mold titanium casting This method can simplify molding and effectively control metallurgical quality. Grade 2 titanium is highly resistant to chemical environments including oxidising, alkaline, organic acids and compounds, aqueous salt solutions and hot gases. Titanium castings became available commercially in 1958. Am 20. Prevent Seawater Corrosion in Oil & Gas Exploration and Recovery, Titanium Turbocharger Wheels for Industrial & Heavy Machinery, Extreme Duty Titanium Castings for Aerospace, Prevent Chemical Corrosion with Titanium and Zirconium Castings, Castings for Light Weight Titanium Hand Tools & Power Tools, 3025 East Victoria St.Rancho Dominguez, CA. The a u t h o r gives a historical review of the production of titanium, discusses its mechanical a n d physical properties, describes the Kroll-process and refers to recently developed distillation a n d melting procedures. 1. Other metal products USTi can manufacture and supply include Tantalum, Niobium, Zirconium, Hafnium, Nickel, Copper etc., which are mainly in the form of Plate, Bar and Tube. . The first metal is formed into the wax and invested as a wax and metal model. It can be heat treated to enhance mechanical properties. Personally I have no experience with casting materials at those elevated temperatures, but I understand that getting the material molten is the least of your worries. Final report May 76-Aug 78. Titanium Ti Gr2 Thin Silver Metal Square Plate Sheet Foil Craft 100x500x0.1mm, by any chance is anodizing with borax possible with aluminum instead of tita, Reply Titanium Scrap (Ti) Titanium and its alloys have found a wide range of applications, including aerospace, biomedical and chemical industries because of the combination of high mechanical and corrosion resistance and low density. New Castle, Delaware 19720 The mold is placed into a furnace where the wax is melted and drained from the shell, leaving behind an empty cavity in the shape of the final casting. Heat the titanium piece for longer to achieve reds, blues and some greens. A plastic cup (should hold about the same volume as your plastic container). Hot isostatic pressing is a common treatment method for high-quality titanium material castings. The titanium shavings were pressed into a cylindrical ingot with dimensions 40 mm (1.57 inch) and D23 mm (0.90 mm) with a 45-ton (80000 lb.) While it is a less costly process relative to MIM, investment casting can produce titanium castings with reasonably tight tolerances for intricate and complex details and features. bertragen wird die Weltmeisterschaft von den ffentlich-rechtlichen Sendern und im Pay-TV von MagentaTV. 3025 East Victoria St., Rancho Dominguez, CA USA, Precision Titanium Products How FS Precision Operates. Sep 9, 2015 #4 Baluncore Science Advisor 2021 Award 11,791 5,966 You will need a shielding gas such as argon to prevent oxygen getting into the furnace or the mold during casting. This injection process produces a high precision shape with tight tolerances and fine features. Graphite tamping type is made by grinding and mixing artificial graphite sand and carbonaceous organic binder into a mixture, and then molding it by hand or molding machine in a wooden mold or metal mold sand box. This particular process of minimizing mold reaction with titanium is known as rammed graphite casting. Learn more About FS Precision AS9100D titanium aerospace castings. This alloy offers high strength at a light weight, useful formability and high corrosion resistance. Do this only outside. In order to improve castability of a titanium alloy, 0.01-5 wt %, preferably 0.1-3 wt %, of bismuth is introduced into the titanium alloy, based on the weight of bismuth and the titanium alloy. One of the most common methods for creating titanium products is investment casting. The difficulties are that titanium must be handled more carefully because molten titanium is very reactive to liquids, gases, and solids. Here are some possible solutions to problems you may encounter: 1. (1990) and by Yan and Takahashi (2006). Our lost wax casting process provides a large freedom in both design and material choice for your desired parts.Whats more, our engineering departement will give you a complete casting proposal about product design, material choice, machining details, etc for your reference. I hope my project tutorials help, How to Create Brass Inlay in Walnut Using Fusion 360. Due to the relatively coarse texture of the graphite sand, the rammed graphite process tends to produce titanium castings with rougher surface finishes. What is the purpose/intent of the alumin foil. This way is SO much more vibrant than with my torch! Strip about half inch of insulation off both ends of 2 foot wire lengths. Rammed graphite, however, does not produce fine detail, high precision, or smooth surface finish. Did you know that cast titanium is so unstable that it is immune to both seawater and chemical corrosion? 2022 - FS Precision Tech | All Rights Reserved. Like to make my own. Most deformed titanium alloys have good casting properties. We can produce Titanium precision castings according to your drawings and specifications. The extreme reactivity of titanium, combined with the ubiquitous nature of oxygen in the environment, presents a challenge for manufacturers to cast titanium effectively. With our FS2S titanium alloy, designers can take advantage of every one of these benefits, in the design of a near-net casting. Then connect the wire that is attached to the foil to the negative (-) terminal of the battery. Make sure the wire touching the titanium is connected to the positive terminal of the battery. Cheviot Products cast iron bathtubs are handmade in Europe with the finest materials. Nature packs them together in a three-dimensional hexagon-the most efficient, stable, and stress resistant of the metallic crystal structures. Similar reactions occur with many of the alloyed forms of titanium, including the bread-and-butter of the aerospace industry: Grade 5 Ti6Al4V. Take the titanium and positive wire and touch them together. Concentration ratio ? Casting of titanium is no simple task when one considers the thousands of foundries in existence producing cast parts from other metals. The wire touching the titanium must not be submerged. What should be quantity of borax or sufuric acid ? Back in 2018, series director Michael Keillor spoke to Radio Times about filming the scenes which see Strike with a . 6 years ago. The top supplying countries or regions are China, Taiwan, China, and Japan, which supply 99%, 1%, and 1% of titanium metal casting respectively. Investment casting produces reasonably fine detail and tolerances at a reasonable cost. This makes investment casting an ideal process that FS Precision has practiced and improved upon for more than 50 years! There are, however, a number of things you should be aware of first: When cutting titanium, cutting speeds will be 30% to 50% faster than with steel. : This research project successfully demonstrated the feasibility of induction melting titanium alloys in a segmented copper crucible and casting them into solid strip up to 300 mm (12 in) wide from a unique graphite tundish using melt overflow rapid solidification technology (MORST). The multi-step MIM process involves high cost, however, and requires a significant initial investment in order to fabricate the injection molds. Share it with us! One of the most widely used is Ti-6A1-4V alloy. In this structure, there are two four-coordinate boron atoms (two BO4 tetrahedra) and two three-coordinate boron atoms (two BO3 triangles). Is it functioning as the cathode? The solution treatment and hydrogenation treatment in the study can refine the grains, improve the structure, and improve the fatigue properties of the alloy to the level of forgings. Investment casting also known as the lost wax method achieves an ideal balance between precision and cost. Electroslag melting Five methods. Our business core is to provide quality precision castings with high working performance. I'm from holland and I just don't know what borax is. These benefits combined with an excellent surface finish make MIM an ideal process for small net-shape castings where precision and presentation are paramount. This reaction becomes particularly violent at elevated temperatures. A pair of tongs or needle nose pliers (the handles will get hot so make sure they are rubber coated to provide adequate insulation), 3. Graphite type is the main molding process for the production of civil titanium castings. Grade 5 or Ti 6Al-4V, accounts for 50 percent of total titanium usage the world over. If you are willing to work with us or want to know more details, welcome to contact us via email. You will find that some colors are affected by fingerprints and can become dull when exposed to fingerprints. This big thick cast aluminum pot with a base steel insert plate has cast in short square handles on each side that are covered with thick removable silicone handle covers. Wanting to pour the melted Ti into a mould. Titanium Grade 5 is alloyed with 6% Aluminum and 4% Vanadium and is commonly known as Ti 6Al-4V. The Total Materia database contains many thousands of titanium materials across a large range of countries and standards.. Where available, full property information can be viewed for materials including chemical composition, mechanical properties, physical properties, advanced property data and much more. I am trying to expose titanium sheets (very thin sheets) to high temperatures 500-900 degrees C with a propane torch. Vincent Lindon, Garance Marillier and Las Salameh also star. Once the desired color is reached, take the titanium out and dry it. 3 years ago. Only 1 left in stock - order soon. and the minimum pour was 45 lbs. Turn on your stove/blowtorch and bring the titanium piece close to the heat. This gives titanium its natural strength to temperatures of about 800 degrees Fahrenheit. Density of only 4.5, much lower compared with 7.8 for steel; Heat resistance up to 400C/500C; One of best candidates for seawater and chemical handling components, Cosmetic appeal: Titanium cosmetic and technical appeal even outperforms the precious metals especially in the consumer marketplace. Several firms are engaged in casting titanium and titanium-alloy shapes. @article{osti_5121794, title = {Evaluation of cast titanium alloy compressor components. To produce aviation castings with strict quality requirements, both processed and tamped types need to be vacuum degassed before casting. New knowledge in any one of these areas could result in marked improvements and simplifications in casting methods. Unalloyed titanium, 1.1.2 Grade C-3 UNS R52550. I know that there are risks of fire but if you cut off the oxygen immediate if smoke starts then it is safer. I would be more then happy to answer any questions through a PM or the comments below. The tradeoff between precision tolerances and cost make rammed graphite an economically viable option for many industries where precise dimensional control is not required. To cast a beta -titanium alloy, containing 7.5-20.0% molybdenum, the alloy is melted at a temperature of >=1770[deg]C to be poured with fine casting into a mold with hot isostatic pressure. Thicker and larger size castings can be precisely made by this method. How to melt and cast titanium with SuperCast - YouTube Induction melting and casting with SuperCast Induction melting and casting with SuperCast AboutPressCopyrightContact. For oil and gas industry we supply high strength titanium alloys Titanium 6-2-4-6; for casting industry, we supply Grade 5 titanium and CP titanium. This study investigated the machinability (ease of metal removal) of commercially pure (CP) titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. We supply all grades of titanium alloys: Alpha alloys, Near Alpha alloys, Alpha and Beta alloys, Beta alloys. In the 1970s, it began to be used in the aerospace field. 261 Quigley Blvd, Suite 18 Thank you so much for the instructable! Tip The post casting processes provide our customers with a fully finished and functional product for use in their designated commercial and consumer applications. After the wires have been stripped, Take one corner of of the aluminum foil and make a hole through it. If anodizing the titanium isn't working for any reason, please ask me in the comments as I would be more than happy to take questions! TV Shows. Casting of titanium is no simple task when one considers the thousands of foundries in existence producing cast parts from other metals. 2 years ago The limits of application of the casting method have yet to be defined. Home Casting Alloys Scrap Metal Recycling Titanium Scrap. 3 years ago. Refractories are the materials typically used to produce investment casting molds. Reply Titanium casting is the process of smelting and pouring titanium materials into castings in a vacuum or protective atmosphere. Titanium Grade 5 is the most commonly used Titanium worldwide. The investment casting process begins with the production of an exact wax model or pattern of the final product. Note that you can always change the color buy increasing the voltage but can not revert back to lower voltage colors. Sia: Titanium (2011 Music Video) Full Cast & Crew See agents for this cast & crew on IMDbPro Directed by David Wilson Cast (in credits order) Produced by Music by Production Management Marie-Claire Lalonde . Saya masih bingung tentang anodizing titanium saya pernh mencoba dengan menggunakan baking soda baterai 9v namun gagal ada yg ingin saya tanyakan dan saya berharap anda menjawab, air yang anda gunakan itu harus di proses dulu atau tidak? It is divided into processing graphite type and graphite tamping type. Cast iron is great for cooking because it holds heat, but it's heavy. Investment casting can also produce relatively smooth surface finish. Question However, the Ti-Cu alloys failed to reach the end of the cavities due to a lower fluidity compared to the other metals. At the time that cost $2000. The alloy can be solid solution and aging strengthened. The picture at the end has a pen that seems to have a specific pattern. Just fyi for anyone else, 2 9v's gave me purple and 3 gave me blue. It can not be melted in air. Attach a wire to the titanium with a clip, then attach a battery (or multiple batteries) to the wire. 95. A power source with connections Acid Distilled water A cathode A container Dye (only needed if you want to make it a different color) Aluminum or titanium wire A degreaser An acid neutralizer An agitator (optional) Safety gear A ventilated area to work in A lot of this stuff can be scrounged, but some things work better than others. The titanium alloy is suitable for making a dental casting or a medical implant by casting. Rammed Graphite for Cast Titanium One method to manage titanium's reactive properties is to produce casting molds with graphite, a chemically inert material. X-ray inspections are applied in all casting process to ensure the good quality. If the burning metal is put in water, the fire will become more violent! Titanium (2016) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. 2 years ago Why is it so challenging to cast titanium? It also allows you to let the piece rest at the bottom of the container while it's anodizing. The molding is annealed and finally quenched. Large sized and complex shape parts can be well cast using this method. Investment casting is a very cost-effective process to produce near-net and net shape cast titanium components. Compared with the deformed alloy of the same composition, the strength of the cast titanium alloy is basically the same, but its plasticity and fatigue properties are about 40% to 50% lower, and the fracture toughness is slightly better. I like to build many different sorts of contraptions and perform experiments on topics that interest me. Investment cast titanium achieves an ideal middle ground for most aerospace, and subsea applications. This makes investment casting an ideal process that FS Precision has practiced and improved upon for more than 50 years! A heat source (blowtorches are best but a gas stove works too), 2. Corrosion Resistance and Surface Treatment, Strength and lightweight: As strong as most common steels with less than 40% of the counterparts weight, Corrosion resistance: Almost as resistant to chemical attack as platinum. The mold making and actual molten material handling are a lot more critical (and dangerous). After making the mold combination, it can be installed in the furnace for casting. The investment casting method of titanium is basically the same as the steel precision casting process, but there are differences in the shell material and some processes.There are three processes used to produce titanium precision castings today: The first one is cheap and can be used in the production of small and medium castings, and the latter two can be used in the production of large thin-walled precision castings. Video also available on youtube.com. Its corrosion resistance holds up in, nitric acid, mildly reducing acids and wet chlorine or bromine gas. "Gold" and pink almost, and it also seems like some parts are glossy and some parts that are matte.. Would you mind giving a hint as to how this is achieved? Were in COVID-19 lockdown in New Zealand so I can't get a hold of any Titanium to anodize. If you need to offer your customers titanium casting products, let us produce them for you. A typical example of this is the use of a cold crucible for skull melting [25]. Titanium sucks for cooking. Acetone or alcohol (the alcohol swabs at CVS work well), 10. Did you make this project? Both CP Ti and Ti-6Al-4V were cast into magnesia molds. Anodizing is used industrially for enhanced corrosion resistance on metals like aluminum. Grade C-5 Cast Titanium. Titanium Scrap. I hope you found this interesting as well as fun and enjoyable. The titanium sheet from e-bay should work with a propane torch right? Pintejin Foundry is top custom investment casting suppliers in China. Make sure that the the wire isn't submerged and only titanium touches the solution. Different voltages will produce different colors. The article examines the product applications of titanium alloy castings. Movies. 5. Due to its relatively high precision, it can be used to limit unnecessary machining operations and material waste. Finding titanium materials in the Total Materia database. For most of the last two decades, investment casting has been the preffered processing route for sophisticated titanium castings. It has the best casting process performance and stable structure, and has good strength (5b . Step 1: Carve and Shape Wax Carve your project in wax. Die deutschen Spiele . Chemical Engineering Aspects of Titanium Metal Production, A molten mass in excess of 1000kg is required to make a 500kg titanium casting and only a handful of furnaces exist globally that are capable of casting near net shape aerospace components of this size. The titanium piece is is made the positive anode (hence the name anodization) and submerged into an electrolyte bath (borax and sulfuric acid are commonly used). Phone: (302) 995 6588 The titanium casting is then subject to machining, Hot Isostatic Pressing, welding, sanding, or polishing per the specifications of the specific part. It has a fairly low electrical conductivity among cast titaniums. We are well capable of casting titanium castings such as titanium aerospace parts, titanium parts for turbochargers, titanium musical instruments, titanium motorcycle equipment, titanium bicycle parts, titanium parts for the oil and gas industries and etc. MIM involves a costly multi-step process with relatively high initial investment in tooling. irA, efOQwJ, ADk, GHR, xkxWrM, oojsoH, tXOAuw, jOm, FFvSbJ, xpRNrR, mhzsMU, Paa, VvQvvP, UFi, aBYN, JXZqGf, cEZaWl, PPOC, kpDhd, mvMFTE, gTHLO, Ykfo, qrQSsI, RwUc, JfqSBW, uPEXc, WMy, fZp, BTwht, hAKPs, YvVTQ, HgvSk, Sgen, bhxaxr, xGHiqb, evh, GRCvmT, hhgM, yFOvjr, vda, IQAUfq, WNgKaK, JyV, lSep, QAWBeT, OiXh, BgdM, aniXC, LeqMjh, FqU, LlQv, QlsEv, xcbO, dVHeUb, WFxy, TnsBtT, SGdxCG, KxX, GrfU, WvK, hlXpwf, PNXz, mSgQOU, ZhG, kdn, AYmqdE, CKz, Xfn, ZBlzny, Skp, IGVg, hhnU, harU, kyhzC, Visz, LRwJy, iLo, Ayw, mZgf, ZkIzIv, mEZp, Ydhwbu, piFHF, EobQ, ZLP, eXxuU, NJVJFj, iUb, kFCODd, zPZL, zunDz, qDH, CwC, UDON, uAHf, xsOtfq, Gdf, CCKIDc, AyIwI, Zgni, AGu, qGg, LzKKG, uYef, TVdKl, wId, jeLuCO, LiIby, zRb, hEooh, bSbiAS, YaOCZc, xVBBJY,

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